Author: AgentZomboid

Jagiellonian dynasty

The Jagiellonian dynasty was a royal dynasty founded by Jogaila, the Grand duke of Lithuania. Jogaila was baptized as Władysław in 1386 and he married Queen regnant Jadwiga of poland, He was later crowned King of poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. This dynasty is quite the famous dynasty as they ruled over Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, and Bohemia.

You may of heard of this family through the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth. The personal union between the two kingdoms that make up this union, Poland and Lithuania happened in 1569.

Some of the major opponents of the Jagiellonians were, The Teutonic Order, Habsburg royal family, The Ottoman Empire, and The Russian Empire

The height of Jagiellonian Europe in the late 15th century

  • Timeline of the Jagiellonian Kings of poland

    Władysław II Jagiełło: 1386-1434

    Władysław III Jagiełłon: 1434-1444 (Also ruled over Hungary from 1440-1444

    Casimir IV Jagiellon: 1447-1492

    John I Albert: 1492-1501

    Alexander I Jagiellon: 1492-1501

    Sigismund I the Old: 1507-1548

    Sigismund II Augustus: 1548-1572

The Jagiellons had a huge rivalry with the house of Habsburgs in central europe which was ultimately resolved to the Habsburgs advantage. The decisive factor that weakened the monarchies of the last ruling Jagiellons was the Ottoman empires Balkan expansion. Hungary was left vulnerable greatly due to Suleiman the Magnificent taking the belgrade fortress in 1521. The Hungarian army was defeated in 1526 at the battle of Mohacs, where Louis II Jagiellon, son of Vladislas II was killed in battle. After the defeat a period of internal strife and external intervention, Hungary was partitioned between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.

Sources: Wikipedia, Britannica

Avignon Papacy

The Avignon papacy was the time from 1309 to 1376 this period had seven successive popes which resided in Avignon. This was a small schism in the catholic church. Avignon was located in the Kingdom of Arles which is now part of modern day France. The kingdom of Arles was part of the holy roman empire. The first Avignon pope was Clement V which was elected in 1305. He refused to move to rome and in the year of 1309 he moved his court to Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years.

This absence from rome is sometimes referred to as the “Bablonian captivity of the papacy.

The last Avignon antipope was Benedict XIII which he lost most of his support in 1398 including that which gave the Avignon papacy most of its legitimacy, The Kingdom of France. The schism ended in 1417 at the council of Constance, after two popes had reigned in the opposition to the papacy in Rome.

Coat of arms of the Avignon papacy

In total there was 7 Avignon popes and two anti-popes

  • Avignon papacy timeline

    Pope Clement V: 1305-1314

    Pope John XXII: 1316-1334

    Pope Benedict XII: 1334-1342

    Pope Clement VI: 1342-1352

    Pope Innocent VI: 1352-1362

    Pope Urban V: 1362-1370

    Pope Gregory XI: 1370-1378

    Anti-pope Clement VII 1378-1394

    Anti-pope Benedict XIII 1394-1423

Sources: Wikipedia